Wnt/β-catenin signaling in non-neural cells is required for axon regeneration and functional recovery. a Schematic timeline of the experimental design using the TetON system. b–d axin1 overexpression selectively in cells in the lesion site (b; lef1 +) is sufficient to interfere with axon regeneration (c; Fischer’s exact test: ***P < 0.001) and functional recovery (d; two-way ANOVA: F1,156 = 14.82, P < 0.0005; t-test: ***P < 0.001). e–g axin1 overexpression throughout the fish e interferes with axon regeneration (f; Fischer’s exact test: *P < 0.05) and functional recovery (g; two-way ANOVA: F 1,129 = 4.716, P < 0.05; t-test: ***P < 0.001). h–j Neuronal axin1 overexpression, indicated by YFP labelling of parenchymal cell bodies and neuropil in the spinal cord h, does not interfere with axon regeneration i or functional recovery (j; two-way ANOVA shows no interaction between lesion and treatment). k–m axin1 overexpression in ependymoradial glial cells, indicated by YFP labeling in cell bodies lining the central canal, their radial processes and pial end feet k does not interfere with axon regeneration l or functional recovery (m; two-way ANOVA shows no interaction between lesion and treatment). b–e Views are transversal (b,e,h,k; dorsal is up) or lateral (c,f,i,l; dorsal is up, rostral is left). BF: brightfield. n.s.: not significant. Scale bars: whole mounts, 200 and 100 µm; sections: 100 µm. Error bars indicate s.e.m
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