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The Zebrafish Information Network (ZFIN) is the database of genetic and genomic data for the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism. ZFIN provides a wide array of expertly curated, organized and cross-referenced zebrafish research data. Learn MoreNew Data in ZFIN
Fig. 2 of Marshall-Phelps et al., 2020
Disruption to NKCC1b leads to swelling of the periaxonal space, dysmyelination, and axonal disorganization. (A) Electron micrographs of high-pressure–frozen pLLn in control (left) and slc12a2bue58 mutant (right) at 5 dpf. slc12a2bue58 mutants show significant enlargement of the periaxonal space, highlighted in blue and enlarged axons (asterisk). Insets show a higher magnification to highlight the periaxonal space in controls and slc12a2bue58 mutants. White scale bar, 1 µm. Black scale bars, 50 nm. (B) Quantification of periaxonal area in control and slc12a2bue58 mutants (control 0.05 ± 0.02 µm2 vs. slc12a2bue58 4 ± 3.5 µm2, P = 0.0065). Error bars represent mean ± SD. A two-tailed Student’s t test was used to assess statistical significance. Each point represents an individual myelinated axon from three control and five slc12a2bue58 mutant animals. **, P < 0.01. (C) Quantification of the diameter of myelinated axons in control and slc12a2bue58 mutants. Bracket indicates axons in the mutant with greater than normal diameter. (D) Confocal images of live Tg(cntn1b:mCherry), Tg(mbp:EGFP-CAAX) double-transgenic control (left) and slc12a2bue58 mutant (right) animals at 5 dpf indicates axonal defasciculation and derangement of myelin. Scale bar, 10 µm. (E) Confocal images of individual mosaically labeled Schwann cells in control (top left panel) and slc12a2bue58 mutants (panels 1–5) highlighting the variable morphological manifestation of the mutant phenotype. Scale bar, 10 µm. Arrows point to regions of normal appearing myelin and arrowheads to dysmyelination. (F) Quantitation of mean Schwann cell diameter in maximum intensity projection images of single Schwann cells at 6 dpf (control 2.6 ± 0.4 µm vs. slc12a2bue58 4.3 ± 1.3 µm, P = 0.0003). Error bars represent mean ± SD. A two-tailed Student’s t test was used to assess statistical significance. Each point represents a single cell from 11 control and 10 slc12a2bue58 mutant animals. Scale bar, 10 µm. ***, P < 0.001. (G) Quantitation of mean Schwann cell length in maximum intensity projection images of single Schwann cells at 6 dpf (control 72.1 ± 15.7 µm vs. slc12a2bue58 54.7 ± 13.8 µm, P = 0.011). Error bars represent mean ± SD. A two-tailed Student’s t test was used to assess statistical significance. Each point represents a single cell from 11 control and 10 slc12a2bue58 mutant animals. *, P < 0.05.
Fig. 2 of Chen et al., 2020
Defective development of capn3b mutant zebrafish under environment stress. a, b WISH using the fabp10a probe on 3dpf- and 5dpf-old WT and capn3bΔ19Δ14 embryos grown at the low (60 embryo/dish) (left panel) and high (120cm2/dish) (right panel) rearing density in a 9 cm-diameter dish (a). In (b), the data of liver sizes were compared between 3dpf- and 5dpf-old WT or between 3dpf- and 5dpf-old capn3bΔ19Δ14 mutant embryos under low (L) and high (H) rearing intensity. c WISH using the fabp10a and trypsin probes on WT and capn3bΔ19Δ14 embryos at 2dpf and 3dpf. Embryos were shifted to 34.5 °C at 12 hpf till the time of sample harvesting. Numerator/denominator: number of embryos displayed the shown phenotype over total number of genotyped embryos. d Photo images showing the curved body phenotype displayed by the 3dpf-old capn3bΔ19Δ14 mutant but not WT embryos grown at 34.5 °C. e Body lengths of 6-, 8- and 12-months-old WT and capn3bΔ19Δ14 fish. f LBR of 6- and 12-months-old WT and capn3bΔ19Δ14 fish. Student’s T-test for statistical analyses, *, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001
Fig. 1 of Chen et al., 2020
Generation of capn3b null mutant allele. a Generation of the capn3bΔ19Δ14 mutant allele. Upper panel: diagram showing the genomic structure of the zebrafish capn3b gene and the two mutated sites in capn3bΔ19Δ14 generated by TALEN and CRISPR-Cas9 approaches, respectively. Vertical bar: exon; line connecting vertical bar: intron. Lower panel: highlighting the 19 bp deletion (red letters) in 1st exon generated by the TALEN approach (on the left) and 14 bps deletion (red letters) in 3rd exon by the CRISPR-Cas9 approach (on the right), respectively. The position of nucleotide in the capn3b open reading frame (ORF) from the translation start codon ATG is provided. C120, Capn3b activity center. b Predicted peptide encoded by the capn3bΔ19 (∆19) and capn3bΔ19Δ14 (Δ19Δ14) mutant mRNA, respectively. The Δ19 mutation leads to an early stop codon in the capn3b ORF and resulted in a 30 amino acids (aa) long polypeptide, however, the Δ19 mutation potentially allows the ATG codon encoding M94 residue of WT Capn3b to be used as an alternative translation start codon to translate an N-terminus truncated peptide which harbors the activity center C120. The Δ19Δ14 mutation creates a new early stop codon in the presumed variant initiated from M94 after C120, therefore, capn3bΔ19Δ14 is likely a null allele. c Western blotting analysis of Capn3b in WT, capn3b capn3bΔ19Δ14, capn3bΔ19 at 5dpf. β-Actin: loading control. d Immunostaining of Capn3b in WT and capn3bΔ19Δ14 mutant embryos at 5dpf. Scale bar: 50 μm
Fig. 8 of Chen et al., 2020
Chk1 and Wee1 are substrates of the Def-Capn3b complex. a Diagram showing the Capn3 recognition motif (left panel) and the locations of this motif in zebrafish, human and mouse Chk1 (middle panel) and Wee1 (right panel) proteins. b, c Western blot of Def, HA-p53R143H, HA-Chk1 and HA-Wee1S44A in WT embryos injected with HA-p53R143H, HA-Chk1 or HA-Wee1S44A mRNA combined with or without def mRNA (b). Western blot of HA-Chk1 and HA-Chk1Δ in WT embryos injected with HA-Chek1or HA-Chek1Δ mRNA combined with or without def mRNA (c). Total proteins were extracted at 8-h post-injection. β-Actin: loading control. d Western blot of the endogenous Chk1 and Wee1 proteins in WT and def−/− mutant embryos at 5dpf. Tubulin: loading control. e, f Co-immunostaining of Chk1 (e) or Wee1 (F) with Fibrillarin in the liver of WT with def−/− at 5dpf. DAPI: stain nuclei
Figure 1 of Solis et al., 2020
Intestinal inflammation induced by soybean meal alters intestinal physiology and is independent of the presence of microbiota. (A,B) Lateral view of the mid-intestine of 9 dpf larvae showing the diffusion of dextran in control (A) and inflamed (B) larvae. Scale bar, 200 um. (C) Normalized dextran fluorescence quantification in the trunk of control and inflamed larvae. (D) Relative mRNA expression of several tight junction proteins. All data was normalized against rpl13a and compared to the control condition (dotted line). (E–L) Transversal cryosection of the midintestine of 9 dpf control and inflamed larvae. (E–J) Immunofluorescence labeling the brush border (E,F), mucus (G,H), and Claudin 15 (I,J); nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). (K,L) Merge of the four channels in control and inflamed larvae. Scale bar, 5 um. (M,N) Quantification of brush border interruptions (white arrowheads in E,F) and goblet cells (white asterisks in G and H). (O,P) Representative images of the area of the midintestine showing HRP absorption in control and inflamed larvae. Scale bar, 100 um. (Q) Quantification of the area covered by HRP in the midintestine of control and inflamed larvae. (R,S) Representative images showing the number of cell that proliferate during 16 h in control and inflamed larvae. Scale bar, 100 um. (T) Quantification of EdU+ cells in the midintestine per larva. (U–X) Lateral view of the midintestine showing immunohistochemistry against the neutrophil marker Mpx on those conventionally raised. The area quantified is delimited by the red dotted rectangle (U,V) and germ-free larvae (W,X). Scale bar, 100 um. (Y) Quantification of the amount of neutrophils present in the midintestine in conventionally raised and germ-free larvae. Permeability, immunofluorescence, protein absorption, proliferation assay, and immunohistochemistry were performed at least in three biological replicates with 15 larvae of 9 dpf per condition. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U-test, ***p < 0.001, ****p > 0.0001. RT-qPCR was performed at least in three biological replicates with 100 intestines from 9 dpf larvae per condition. Statistical analysis was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison test. ns, non-significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ****p < 0.0001.
Fig. 1 of Zhou et al., 2020
Figure 1. Excessive exercise leads to pathological cardiac hypertrophy. (A,B) Representative images from control (A) and excessively-exercised zebrafish hearts (B) after 4 weeks of static and excessive-exercise treatment. (C–F) Representative pictures of Masson’s trichrome-stained ventricular tissues of control (C,D) and excessively-exercised zebrafish hearts (E,F). Blue area indicates fibrosis. (D,F) Are enlargements of the rectangle area in (C,E), respectively. Scale bar = 100 μm. (G) Quantitative analysis of Masson staining positive myocardial fibrosis area using Image J. ∗p < 0.05 by unpaired Student’s t-test. n = 3. (H,I) TEM images of control (H) and excessively exercised heart tissue (I). Scale bar = 5 μm. (J) RT-qPCR analysis of the expression of mitochondrial functional markers. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 by unpaired Student’s t-test. (K) Echocardiographic analysis of zebrafish after excessive exercise and in the static control (LVPW, LV posterior wall thickness). Error bars indicate SEM. n = 4. (L) The maximal oxygen consumption (MO2) of zebrafish after excessive exercise and in the control group was analyzed. n = 8. (M) RT-qPCR analysis of the expression of pathologic and physiological hypotrophy-related marker genes. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 by unpaired Student’s t-test.
Fig. 10 of Gray et al., 2020
In situ hybridization of adamts9 (A–D) Lightly-stained staged series from WT fish showing adamts9 expression in the head, cloaca, and at the tips of growing fins rays. (E–G) Extended staining at 13 dpf highlights specific adamts9 expression in the head in bilateral strips in the brain (red arrows; E, F), staining of the melanocytes (yellow arrows), in the ciliated marginal zone of the eyes (F) and in the lateral line (G).
Fig. 1 of Marshall-Phelps et al., 2020
ue58 mutant zebrafish have a severe, peripheral nerve myelin pathology. (A) Confocal images of the spinal cord of Tg(mbp:EGFP-CAAX) control (left) and ue58 mutant (right) at 7 dpf showing disruption to CNS myelin (region within brackets). Scale bar, 10 µm. (B) Confocal images of the pLLn in Tg(mbp:EGFP-CAAX) control (top) and ue58 mutant (bottom) animals at 5 dpf showing major disruption to myelin. Scale bar, 10 µm. (C) Higher magnification images of areas demarcated in B showing myelin in control (left) and ue58 mutant (right) animals. Scale bar, 10 µm. (D) DIC images of Tg(mbp:EGFP-CAAX) control (left) and ue58 mutants (right) at 6 dpf showing appearance of tissue edema. Scale bar, 10 µm. (E) Brightfield images of control (left) and ue58 mutants (right) at 6 dpf showing generally normal morphological development. Scale bar, 0.5 mm. (F) Genomic structure of the zebrafish slc12a2b gene, showing exons (boxes) and introns (lines). White boxes denote untranslated regions. Exons in black were annotated in partial genomic sequences LOC100537771 and LOC100329477 and matched homologous exons in the orthologue slc12a2a. Exons in blue did not align with any annotated genomic sequence, and their limits were inferred by homology with slc12a2a genomic structure. Exons are drawn to scale relative to each other; introns in pink contain unknown bases (N) and are of unknown size. The start (ATG) and stop (TGA) codons are indicated in green and red, respectively. The ue58 allele has a T>A mutation in exon 26 leading to a premature stop codon. (G) Alignment of the 40 most C-terminal amino acids of NKCC1b shows high similarity between species in this domain. Arrowhead indicates the position of the premature stop codon introduced by ue58. (H) Protein structural prediction algorithms, using CCTOP, indicate that NKCC1b in zebrafish is likely to have intracellular N and C termini and 12 transmembrane domains. (I) Sequence similarities of the protein products of zebrafish NKCC1a, NKCC1b, and murine and human NKCC1 homologues.
Figure 2 of Safarian et al., 2020
Phenotypic characterization of panx1a−/− larvae – (a) Age-matched wild type TL and panx1a−/− larvae (6 dpf) showing regular morphology. (b) RT-qPCR analysis of pannexin expression in 6 dpf larva. (c) The panx1a expression is reduced in the adult panx1a−/− zebrafish. The expression was determined using an affinity purified rabbit anti-panx1a antibody directed against the carboxy-terminal 129 amino acids of the Panx1a protein. Detection of the PSD-95 protein in cone terminals served as an internal control. Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI. In wild type TL fish arrows indicate Panx1a immunoreactivity found in the horizontal cell layer as reported previously19,20. The immunoreactivity was significantly reduced in panx1a−/− fish. Residual staining was overlapping with DAPI stained nuclei and considered as unspecific. Abbreviations: PL, photoreceptor layer; ONL, outer nuclear layer; OPL, outer plexiform layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; GCL, ganglion cell layer. Scale bar 100 µm. n.d., Not detected. Significance: ***p-value < 0.001.
Fig. 3. of Singh et al., 2020
WISH analysis of the opioid nature of the β-casomorphins. (A) WT zebrafish embryos were pre-treated with 10 μM naloxone for 2 h to block the μ-opioid receptors and exposed to naloxone and 50 µg/ml of bBCM-5, bBCM-7, hBCM-5 and hBCM-7 every 24 h from 3–6 dpf. (Black arrowheads represent the insulin domain of expression). (B) Statistical analysis of the insulin domain of expression using Student's t-test. Fold change (compared to untreated control zebrafish embryos) shows insulin domain of expression significantly decreased following bBCM-5, -7 exposure and significantly increased following hBCM-5, -7 exposure. WT embryos treated with µ-opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone and bBCM-5, -7 and hBCM-5, -7 showed no changes in the insulin domain of expression compared to untreated controls. Data represent mean±s.e.m.; *P<0.05, **P<0.005; Student's t-test. (n=20).
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About ZFIN
ZFIN is hiring! For more information click here
The Zebrafish Information Network (ZFIN) is the database of genetic and genomic data for the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism. ZFIN provides a wide array of expertly curated, organized and cross-referenced zebrafish research data. Learn MoreAdditional Resources
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Fig. 2 of Marshall-Phelps et al., 2020
Disruption to NKCC1b leads to swelling of the periaxonal space, dysmyelination, and axonal disorganization. (A) Electron micrographs of high-pressure–frozen pLLn in control (left) and slc12a2bue58 mutant (right) at 5 dpf. slc12a2bue58 mutants show significant enlargement of the periaxonal space, highlighted in blue and enlarged axons (asterisk). Insets show a higher magnification to highlight the periaxonal space in controls and slc12a2bue58 mutants. White scale bar, 1 µm. Black scale bars, 50 nm. (B) Quantification of periaxonal area in control and slc12a2bue58 mutants (control 0.05 ± 0.02 µm2 vs. slc12a2bue58 4 ± 3.5 µm2, P = 0.0065). Error bars represent mean ± SD. A two-tailed Student’s t test was used to assess statistical significance. Each point represents an individual myelinated axon from three control and five slc12a2bue58 mutant animals. **, P < 0.01. (C) Quantification of the diameter of myelinated axons in control and slc12a2bue58 mutants. Bracket indicates axons in the mutant with greater than normal diameter. (D) Confocal images of live Tg(cntn1b:mCherry), Tg(mbp:EGFP-CAAX) double-transgenic control (left) and slc12a2bue58 mutant (right) animals at 5 dpf indicates axonal defasciculation and derangement of myelin. Scale bar, 10 µm. (E) Confocal images of individual mosaically labeled Schwann cells in control (top left panel) and slc12a2bue58 mutants (panels 1–5) highlighting the variable morphological manifestation of the mutant phenotype. Scale bar, 10 µm. Arrows point to regions of normal appearing myelin and arrowheads to dysmyelination. (F) Quantitation of mean Schwann cell diameter in maximum intensity projection images of single Schwann cells at 6 dpf (control 2.6 ± 0.4 µm vs. slc12a2bue58 4.3 ± 1.3 µm, P = 0.0003). Error bars represent mean ± SD. A two-tailed Student’s t test was used to assess statistical significance. Each point represents a single cell from 11 control and 10 slc12a2bue58 mutant animals. Scale bar, 10 µm. ***, P < 0.001. (G) Quantitation of mean Schwann cell length in maximum intensity projection images of single Schwann cells at 6 dpf (control 72.1 ± 15.7 µm vs. slc12a2bue58 54.7 ± 13.8 µm, P = 0.011). Error bars represent mean ± SD. A two-tailed Student’s t test was used to assess statistical significance. Each point represents a single cell from 11 control and 10 slc12a2bue58 mutant animals. *, P < 0.05.
Fig. 2 of Chen et al., 2020
Defective development of capn3b mutant zebrafish under environment stress. a, b WISH using the fabp10a probe on 3dpf- and 5dpf-old WT and capn3bΔ19Δ14 embryos grown at the low (60 embryo/dish) (left panel) and high (120cm2/dish) (right panel) rearing density in a 9 cm-diameter dish (a). In (b), the data of liver sizes were compared between 3dpf- and 5dpf-old WT or between 3dpf- and 5dpf-old capn3bΔ19Δ14 mutant embryos under low (L) and high (H) rearing intensity. c WISH using the fabp10a and trypsin probes on WT and capn3bΔ19Δ14 embryos at 2dpf and 3dpf. Embryos were shifted to 34.5 °C at 12 hpf till the time of sample harvesting. Numerator/denominator: number of embryos displayed the shown phenotype over total number of genotyped embryos. d Photo images showing the curved body phenotype displayed by the 3dpf-old capn3bΔ19Δ14 mutant but not WT embryos grown at 34.5 °C. e Body lengths of 6-, 8- and 12-months-old WT and capn3bΔ19Δ14 fish. f LBR of 6- and 12-months-old WT and capn3bΔ19Δ14 fish. Student’s T-test for statistical analyses, *, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001
Fig. 1 of Chen et al., 2020
Generation of capn3b null mutant allele. a Generation of the capn3bΔ19Δ14 mutant allele. Upper panel: diagram showing the genomic structure of the zebrafish capn3b gene and the two mutated sites in capn3bΔ19Δ14 generated by TALEN and CRISPR-Cas9 approaches, respectively. Vertical bar: exon; line connecting vertical bar: intron. Lower panel: highlighting the 19 bp deletion (red letters) in 1st exon generated by the TALEN approach (on the left) and 14 bps deletion (red letters) in 3rd exon by the CRISPR-Cas9 approach (on the right), respectively. The position of nucleotide in the capn3b open reading frame (ORF) from the translation start codon ATG is provided. C120, Capn3b activity center. b Predicted peptide encoded by the capn3bΔ19 (∆19) and capn3bΔ19Δ14 (Δ19Δ14) mutant mRNA, respectively. The Δ19 mutation leads to an early stop codon in the capn3b ORF and resulted in a 30 amino acids (aa) long polypeptide, however, the Δ19 mutation potentially allows the ATG codon encoding M94 residue of WT Capn3b to be used as an alternative translation start codon to translate an N-terminus truncated peptide which harbors the activity center C120. The Δ19Δ14 mutation creates a new early stop codon in the presumed variant initiated from M94 after C120, therefore, capn3bΔ19Δ14 is likely a null allele. c Western blotting analysis of Capn3b in WT, capn3b capn3bΔ19Δ14, capn3bΔ19 at 5dpf. β-Actin: loading control. d Immunostaining of Capn3b in WT and capn3bΔ19Δ14 mutant embryos at 5dpf. Scale bar: 50 μm
Fig. 8 of Chen et al., 2020
Chk1 and Wee1 are substrates of the Def-Capn3b complex. a Diagram showing the Capn3 recognition motif (left panel) and the locations of this motif in zebrafish, human and mouse Chk1 (middle panel) and Wee1 (right panel) proteins. b, c Western blot of Def, HA-p53R143H, HA-Chk1 and HA-Wee1S44A in WT embryos injected with HA-p53R143H, HA-Chk1 or HA-Wee1S44A mRNA combined with or without def mRNA (b). Western blot of HA-Chk1 and HA-Chk1Δ in WT embryos injected with HA-Chek1or HA-Chek1Δ mRNA combined with or without def mRNA (c). Total proteins were extracted at 8-h post-injection. β-Actin: loading control. d Western blot of the endogenous Chk1 and Wee1 proteins in WT and def−/− mutant embryos at 5dpf. Tubulin: loading control. e, f Co-immunostaining of Chk1 (e) or Wee1 (F) with Fibrillarin in the liver of WT with def−/− at 5dpf. DAPI: stain nuclei
Figure 1 of Solis et al., 2020
Intestinal inflammation induced by soybean meal alters intestinal physiology and is independent of the presence of microbiota. (A,B) Lateral view of the mid-intestine of 9 dpf larvae showing the diffusion of dextran in control (A) and inflamed (B) larvae. Scale bar, 200 um. (C) Normalized dextran fluorescence quantification in the trunk of control and inflamed larvae. (D) Relative mRNA expression of several tight junction proteins. All data was normalized against rpl13a and compared to the control condition (dotted line). (E–L) Transversal cryosection of the midintestine of 9 dpf control and inflamed larvae. (E–J) Immunofluorescence labeling the brush border (E,F), mucus (G,H), and Claudin 15 (I,J); nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). (K,L) Merge of the four channels in control and inflamed larvae. Scale bar, 5 um. (M,N) Quantification of brush border interruptions (white arrowheads in E,F) and goblet cells (white asterisks in G and H). (O,P) Representative images of the area of the midintestine showing HRP absorption in control and inflamed larvae. Scale bar, 100 um. (Q) Quantification of the area covered by HRP in the midintestine of control and inflamed larvae. (R,S) Representative images showing the number of cell that proliferate during 16 h in control and inflamed larvae. Scale bar, 100 um. (T) Quantification of EdU+ cells in the midintestine per larva. (U–X) Lateral view of the midintestine showing immunohistochemistry against the neutrophil marker Mpx on those conventionally raised. The area quantified is delimited by the red dotted rectangle (U,V) and germ-free larvae (W,X). Scale bar, 100 um. (Y) Quantification of the amount of neutrophils present in the midintestine in conventionally raised and germ-free larvae. Permeability, immunofluorescence, protein absorption, proliferation assay, and immunohistochemistry were performed at least in three biological replicates with 15 larvae of 9 dpf per condition. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U-test, ***p < 0.001, ****p > 0.0001. RT-qPCR was performed at least in three biological replicates with 100 intestines from 9 dpf larvae per condition. Statistical analysis was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison test. ns, non-significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ****p < 0.0001.
Fig. 1 of Zhou et al., 2020
Figure 1. Excessive exercise leads to pathological cardiac hypertrophy. (A,B) Representative images from control (A) and excessively-exercised zebrafish hearts (B) after 4 weeks of static and excessive-exercise treatment. (C–F) Representative pictures of Masson’s trichrome-stained ventricular tissues of control (C,D) and excessively-exercised zebrafish hearts (E,F). Blue area indicates fibrosis. (D,F) Are enlargements of the rectangle area in (C,E), respectively. Scale bar = 100 μm. (G) Quantitative analysis of Masson staining positive myocardial fibrosis area using Image J. ∗p < 0.05 by unpaired Student’s t-test. n = 3. (H,I) TEM images of control (H) and excessively exercised heart tissue (I). Scale bar = 5 μm. (J) RT-qPCR analysis of the expression of mitochondrial functional markers. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 by unpaired Student’s t-test. (K) Echocardiographic analysis of zebrafish after excessive exercise and in the static control (LVPW, LV posterior wall thickness). Error bars indicate SEM. n = 4. (L) The maximal oxygen consumption (MO2) of zebrafish after excessive exercise and in the control group was analyzed. n = 8. (M) RT-qPCR analysis of the expression of pathologic and physiological hypotrophy-related marker genes. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 by unpaired Student’s t-test.
Fig. 10 of Gray et al., 2020
In situ hybridization of adamts9 (A–D) Lightly-stained staged series from WT fish showing adamts9 expression in the head, cloaca, and at the tips of growing fins rays. (E–G) Extended staining at 13 dpf highlights specific adamts9 expression in the head in bilateral strips in the brain (red arrows; E, F), staining of the melanocytes (yellow arrows), in the ciliated marginal zone of the eyes (F) and in the lateral line (G).
Fig. 1 of Marshall-Phelps et al., 2020
ue58 mutant zebrafish have a severe, peripheral nerve myelin pathology. (A) Confocal images of the spinal cord of Tg(mbp:EGFP-CAAX) control (left) and ue58 mutant (right) at 7 dpf showing disruption to CNS myelin (region within brackets). Scale bar, 10 µm. (B) Confocal images of the pLLn in Tg(mbp:EGFP-CAAX) control (top) and ue58 mutant (bottom) animals at 5 dpf showing major disruption to myelin. Scale bar, 10 µm. (C) Higher magnification images of areas demarcated in B showing myelin in control (left) and ue58 mutant (right) animals. Scale bar, 10 µm. (D) DIC images of Tg(mbp:EGFP-CAAX) control (left) and ue58 mutants (right) at 6 dpf showing appearance of tissue edema. Scale bar, 10 µm. (E) Brightfield images of control (left) and ue58 mutants (right) at 6 dpf showing generally normal morphological development. Scale bar, 0.5 mm. (F) Genomic structure of the zebrafish slc12a2b gene, showing exons (boxes) and introns (lines). White boxes denote untranslated regions. Exons in black were annotated in partial genomic sequences LOC100537771 and LOC100329477 and matched homologous exons in the orthologue slc12a2a. Exons in blue did not align with any annotated genomic sequence, and their limits were inferred by homology with slc12a2a genomic structure. Exons are drawn to scale relative to each other; introns in pink contain unknown bases (N) and are of unknown size. The start (ATG) and stop (TGA) codons are indicated in green and red, respectively. The ue58 allele has a T>A mutation in exon 26 leading to a premature stop codon. (G) Alignment of the 40 most C-terminal amino acids of NKCC1b shows high similarity between species in this domain. Arrowhead indicates the position of the premature stop codon introduced by ue58. (H) Protein structural prediction algorithms, using CCTOP, indicate that NKCC1b in zebrafish is likely to have intracellular N and C termini and 12 transmembrane domains. (I) Sequence similarities of the protein products of zebrafish NKCC1a, NKCC1b, and murine and human NKCC1 homologues.
Figure 2 of Safarian et al., 2020
Phenotypic characterization of panx1a−/− larvae – (a) Age-matched wild type TL and panx1a−/− larvae (6 dpf) showing regular morphology. (b) RT-qPCR analysis of pannexin expression in 6 dpf larva. (c) The panx1a expression is reduced in the adult panx1a−/− zebrafish. The expression was determined using an affinity purified rabbit anti-panx1a antibody directed against the carboxy-terminal 129 amino acids of the Panx1a protein. Detection of the PSD-95 protein in cone terminals served as an internal control. Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI. In wild type TL fish arrows indicate Panx1a immunoreactivity found in the horizontal cell layer as reported previously19,20. The immunoreactivity was significantly reduced in panx1a−/− fish. Residual staining was overlapping with DAPI stained nuclei and considered as unspecific. Abbreviations: PL, photoreceptor layer; ONL, outer nuclear layer; OPL, outer plexiform layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; GCL, ganglion cell layer. Scale bar 100 µm. n.d., Not detected. Significance: ***p-value < 0.001.
Fig. 3. of Singh et al., 2020
WISH analysis of the opioid nature of the β-casomorphins. (A) WT zebrafish embryos were pre-treated with 10 μM naloxone for 2 h to block the μ-opioid receptors and exposed to naloxone and 50 µg/ml of bBCM-5, bBCM-7, hBCM-5 and hBCM-7 every 24 h from 3–6 dpf. (Black arrowheads represent the insulin domain of expression). (B) Statistical analysis of the insulin domain of expression using Student's t-test. Fold change (compared to untreated control zebrafish embryos) shows insulin domain of expression significantly decreased following bBCM-5, -7 exposure and significantly increased following hBCM-5, -7 exposure. WT embryos treated with µ-opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone and bBCM-5, -7 and hBCM-5, -7 showed no changes in the insulin domain of expression compared to untreated controls. Data represent mean±s.e.m.; *P<0.05, **P<0.005; Student's t-test. (n=20).