The Atx-Lpar3 axis mediates cardiac laterality. (A-P) Zebrafish embryos injected with 5 ng of different MOs were examined for cardiac jogging at 24 hpf (A-G) or cardiac looping at 48 hpf (H-N) by WISH against cmlc2. Representative heart phenotypes are shown for embryos injected with MOs as follows: (A,B,E) left-jogging, (C,F) no-jogging, (D,G) right-jogging, (H,I,L) D-looping, (J,M) no-loop and (K,N) L-looping hearts. In three trials, the percentages of embryos with different heart jogging (O, 24 hpf) and looping phenotypes (P, 48 hpf) are presented. (Q) Embryos were injected with 2.5 ng Std MO, lpar3 MO or atx MO with or without 100 pg lpar3 mRNA. The percentages of embryos with different heart jogging phenotypes are shown (n=3). (R) Cardiac jogging of wild-type embryos and atx morphants injected with 2.3 nl of buffer or 0.25 mM LPA (pipette concentration) into the yolk syncytial layer at the 512-cell stage was examined and quantified (n=3). Total number of embryos used in each treatment is shown on top of each column for all bar graphs. a, b, c, groups denoted with different lettering refer to statistical significance (P<0.05).
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