Fig. 1

EOPF promoted angiogenesis of zebrafish. (A) Fluorescent images of blood vessels of zebrafish: a. control; b. treatment with 1.5 µg/mL sunitinib; c. treatment with 1.5 µg/mL sunitinib plus 1.25 µg/mL EOPF; d. treatment with 1.5 µg/mL sunitinib plus 2.5 µg/mL EOPF; e. treatment with 1.5 µg/mL sunitinib plus 5 µg/mL EOPF; f. treatment with 1.5 µg/mL sunitinib plus 10 µg/mL EOPF; g. treatment with 1.5 µg/mL sunitinib plus 20 µg/mL EOPF. The images of h–n are partial enlargements of images a–g. (B) EOPF promoted angiogenesis of sunitinib-injured zebrafish. ##P < 0.01 vs untreated control, **P < 0.01 vs sunitinib, *P < 0.05 vs sunitinib.
Fig. 2

Perillaldehyde promoted angiogenesis of zebrafish. (A) Fluorescent images of blood vessels of zebrafish: a. control; b. treatment with 1.5 µg/mL sunitinib; c. treatment with 1.5 µg/mL sunitinib plus 3.13 µM perillaldehyde; d. treatment with 1.5 µg/mL sunitinib plus 6.25 µM perillaldehyde; e. treatment with 1.5 µg/mL sunitinib plus 12.5 µM perillaldehyde; f. treatment with 1.5 µg/mL sunitinib plus 25 µM perillaldehyde; g. treatment with 1.5 µg/mL sunitinib plus 50 µM perillaldehyde. The images of h–n were partial enlargements of images a–g. (B) Perillaldehyde promoted angiogenesis of sunitinib-injured zebrafish. ##P < 0.01 vs untreated control, **P < 0.01 vs sunitinib, *P < 0.05 vs sunitinib.
Fig. 3

EOPF promoted proliferation of HUVECs. (A) An MTT assay was carried out to measure HUVECs viability. EOPF at 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 µg/mL signally increased viability of sunitinib-treated HUVECs. (B) Cells of DAPI and EdU staining were captured. (C) EOPF at 5, 10, and 20 µg/mL observably promoted proliferation of sunitinib-injured HUVECs. Results are presented as the mean ± SD for three individual experiments. ##P < 0.01 vs untreated control, **P < 0.01 vs sunitinib.
Fig. 4

Perillaldehyde promoted proliferation of HUVECs. (A) An MTT assay was carried out to measure HUVECs viability. Perillaldehyde at 12.5, 25, and 50 µM signally increased viability of sunitinib-treated HUVECs. (B) Cells of DAPI and EdU staining were captured. (C) Perillaldehyde at 12.5, 25, and 50 µM observably promoted proliferation of sunitinib-injured HUVECs. Results are presented as the mean ± SD for three individual experiments. ##P < 0.01 vs untreated control, **P < 0.01 vs sunitinib.
Fig. 5

EOPF promoted migration of HUVECs. (A) The healing area of the wound at 0 and 24 h were photographed by a microscopy. (B) EOPF at 10 and 20 µg/mL dramatically boosted migration of HUVECs. Results are presented as the mean ± SD for three individual experiments. ##P < 0.01 vs untreated control, **P < 0.01 vs sunitinib.
Fig. 6

Perillaldehyde promoted migration of HUVECs. (A) The healing area of the wound at 0 and 24 h was photographed by a microscopy. (B) Perillaldehyde at 12.5, 25, and 50 µM prominently boosted migration of HUVECs. Results are presented as the mean ± SD for three individual experiments. ##P < 0.01 vs untreated control, **P < 0.01 vs sunitinib.
Fig. 7

EOPF promoted tube formation of HUVECs. (A) A microscope was used to photograph tubular structures (100 × magnification). (B) EOPF treatment at 5, 10, and 20 µg/mL significant boosted tube formation in sunitinib-injured HUVECs. Results are presented as the mean ± SD for three individual experiments. ##P < 0.01 vs untreated control, **P < 0.01 vs sunitinib, *P < 0.05 vs sunitinib.
Fig. 8

Perillaldehyde promoted tube formation of HUVECs. (A) A microscope was used to photograph tubular structures (100 × magnification). (B) Perillaldehyde treatment at 12.5, 25, and 50 µM dramatically boosted tube formation in sunitinib-injured HUVECs. Results are presented as the mean ± SD for three individual experiments. ##P < 0.01 vs untreated control, **P < 0.01 vs sunitinib.
Fig. 9

EOPF promoted angiogenesis by increasing p-ERK/ERK and Bcl-2/Bax expression ratios. (A) The protein levels of p-ERK (Thr202/Tyr204), ERK, and β-actin were examined by Western blot. (B) EOPF increased the ratio of p-ERK/ERK. (C) The protein levels of Bcl-2, Bax, and β-actin were measured via Western blot. (D) EOPF increased Bcl-2 expression levels. (E) EOPF decreased Bax expression levels. (F) EOPF increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. Results are presented as the mean ± SD for three individual experiments. ##P < 0.01 vs untreated control, **P < 0.01 vs sunitinib.
Fig. 10

Perillaldehyde promoted angiogenesis by increasing p-ERK/ERK and Bcl-2/Bax expression ratios. (A) The protein levels of p-ERK (Thr202/Tyr204), ERK, and β-actin were examined by Western blot. (B) Perillaldehyde increased the expression ratio of p-ERK to ERK. (C) The protein levels of Bcl-2, Bax, and β-actin were measured via Western blot. (D) Perillaldehyde increased Bcl-2 expression levels. (E) EOPF decreased Bax expression levels. (F) Perillaldehyde increased the expression ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. Results are presented as the mean ± SD for three individual experiments. ##P < 0.01 vs untreated control, **P < 0.01 vs sunitinib, *P < 0.05 vs sunitinib.
Acknowledgments
This image is the copyrighted work of the attributed author or publisher, and ZFIN has permission only to display this image to its users. Additional permissions should be obtained from the applicable author or publisher of the image. Full text @ Drug Des Devel Ther
Your Input Welcome
We welcome your input and comments. Please use this form to recommend updates to the information in ZFIN. We appreciate as much detail as possible and references as appropriate. We will review your comments promptly.
Please check the highlighted fields and try again.
Thank you for submitting comments. Your input has been emailed to ZFIN curators who may contact you if additional information is required.
Oops. Something went wrong. Please try again later.