Figure 4.

In vitro cellular uptake studies of zymosan A (S. cerevisiae) bioparticles™, gelatin microspheres (cG), and NK cell mimics (cGCM) by differentiated (diff.) THP-1 cells as macrophages for 3 h using Image Stream X (cell/particle: 1:1): (a) For each condition (zymosan, cG–Cascade Blue, and cGCM–Cascade Blue), two representative single-cell uptake images are shown. Each pair includes a brightfield (BF) and the corresponding fluorescence image captured from the same field of view, highlighting the internalization and localization of particles within individual cells at 37°C and (b) comparative analysis of the uptake at 4°C and 37°C (cG vs cGCM, p = 0.0004, 95% CI = 4.397 to 16.45; cGCM vs Zymosan (p = 0.0035, 95% CI = −15.26 to −2.556), N = 3–5. Zymosan A was used as a positive control and uptake analysis at 4°C was used as a negative control. Zymosan A (S. cerevisiae) bioparticles™ was tagged with Alexa Flour™ 488, cG and cGCM was loaded with dextran cascade blue, diff. THP-1 cells was tagged with CD45_APC_Cy7 dye.

Graphs are plotted in box and whiskers format with max and min value showing all data points.

*p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001. ****p < 0.0001.