Inhibition of BMP signalling by DMH1 or by heat shocking dnBMPR zebrafish embryos rescues the increased BMP signalling in fam20b−/− chondrocytes. (A-D′) Compared with DMSO-treated (A,A′) or heat-shocked (C,C′) fam20b−/− chondrocytes, levels of p-Smad1/5/9 at 72 hpf appeared decreased in DMH1-treated fam20b−/− (i.e. after 24 h of treatment; B,B′) or heat-shocked dnBMPR; fam20b−/− (i.e. 2 days after 20-min heat shock; D,D′) chondrocytes. (E) Quantitative image analyses (n=3 for each group) revealed significant decreases in p-Smad1/5/9 levels in both nuclei and non-nuclear regions of DMH1-treated or heat-shocked fam20b−/− chondrocytes, compared with each control group (*P<0.05, one-way ANOVA and paired Student's t-test). (F-G′) Compared with DMSO-treated fam20b−/− chondrocytes (F,F′), levels of p-p38 at 72 hpf (i.e. after 24 h of treatment) appeared decreased in DMH1-treated fam20b−/− chondrocytes (G,G′). (H) Quantitative image analyses (n=3 for each group) revealed significant decreases in p-p38 levels in nuclei of DMH1-treated fam20b−/− chondrocytes (*P<0.05, one-way ANOVA and paired Student's t-test). Scale bars: 50 μm. a.u., arbitrary units; HS, heat-shocked.
|