Analysis of autophagy in epm2a?/? zebrafish mutants. (A) qRT?PCR analysis of autophagy factors (mtor, tfeb, beclin-1, atg5, atg12, lc3, and p62) normalized to ?-actin in epm2a?/? larvae compared with controls at five dpf. Three independent RNA samples (each obtained from about 30?40 larvae) from controls and epm2a?/? mutant larvae at 120 hpf were analyzed. * p ? 0.05, ** p ? 0.01, *** p ? 0.001, calculated by Student?s t-test. The values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). (B) Three independent larval homogenates from controls (n = 50) and epm2a?/? larvae (n = 50) were tested by Western blotting for the expression of ATG5, LC3?I and LC3?II proteins. The levels of the different proteins were normalized to the expression of ?-actin. * p ? 0.05 was calculated by Student?s t-test.
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