Fig. 1

Insulin and HB-EGF Are Sufficient to Stimulate MG Proliferation in the Uninjured Retina

(A and B) RT-PCR and qPCR analysis of injury-dependent ins gene expression. Error bars represent SD; p < 0.01; n = 5.

(C) In situ hybridization (purple) and BrdU immunofluorescence (red) shows injury-dependent ins gene induction in proliferating MG-derived progenitors at 4 dpi. Arrows point to BrdU⁺ cells expressing ins RNA. Scale bar represents 50 µm.

(D) RT-PCR analysis of insra and insrb gene expression in FACS purified MG and non-MG.

(E and F) qPCR analysis of insra (E) and insrb (F) gene expression in MG and non-MG. Error bars represent SD; n = 4.

(G and H) MO-mediated Insra and Insrb knockdown suppresses the generation of MG-derived progenitors at 4 dpi. Scale bar (G) is 50 µm. Asterisk (G) marks the injury site. Error bars (H) represent SD; p < 0.05; n = 3.

(I and J) Insulin stimulates MG proliferation in the uninjured retina. Arrows (I) point to BrdU⁺ MG. Scale bar represents 150 µm. The three right-hand panels show BrdU⁺ progenitors express the MG marker glutamine synthetase (GS). Error bars (J) represent SD; n = 3.

(K and L) HB-EGF and Insulin synergize with each other to stimulate MG proliferation in the uninjured retina. Arrows point to BrdU⁺ MG. Scale bar represents 50 µm. Error bars represent SD; n = 3.

See also Figure S1.