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Nicotine-induced neuronal activation in zebrafish brain. A Schematic of the sagittal section of the zebrafish brain. B–E Immunoreactivity of c-Fos in WT and neu1-KO zebrafish brains following Nco exposure, indicating neuronal activation patterns in multiple brain regions. WT and neu1-KO zebrafish were exposed to Nco (2.5 mg/L) for 15 min before brain collection. F–H Quantification of c-Fos fluorescence intensity in the hypothalamus, telencephalon, and diencephalon. n = 3. I Whole-brain c-fos mRNA expression following Nco exposure. n = 6. Fluorescence intensities and c-fos mRNA expression levels are shown relative to those of WT zebrafish without Nco exposure. Scale bars, 100 µm. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences between the groups
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