Fig. 5.

gna11a and gna11b, but not gnaq, are necessary for development of Edn1/Ednra-dependent structures. (A-I) Representative flat-mounts of the viscerocranium at 6 dpf, shown in ventral view, for selected allelic combinations. In D-I, white outlines highlight the symplectic (sy). In A-C, the white asterisks indicate absence of the ceratohyal (ch). In D,E,G,H, black arrowheads indicate fusion of the jaw joint (jj). In G,H, the white arrowheads indicate fusion of the hyomandibular joint (hj). (J) Overall severity of defects for genotypes shown in A-I were quantified as a ‘phenotype score’. Individual larvae were scored for the total number of Edn1/Ednra-dependent skeletal elements exhibiting defects (ignoring sidedness). A phenotype score of 0 corresponds to a wild-type phenotype, and a score of 7 indicates all Edn1/Ednra-dependent structures on at least one side were affected. One dot represents an individual larva. The middle line is the mean. Error bars represent s.e.m. The n values for respective genotypes are indicated in parentheses. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Holm–Šídák multiple comparisons test (****P<0.0001; ns, not significant). Scale bar: 100 μm. bsr, branchiostegal ray; hm, hyomandibular; Mc, Meckel's cartilage; op, opercle; pq, palatoquadrate; ptp, pterygoid process of the palatoquadrate.