Fig. 1

ChA levels are increased in plasma of CVD patients. Boxplots depicting ChA and ChE of 1,11-undecendioic acid (ChU) concentrations across patient groups. A: Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance was applied to test whether ChA concentration across samples originates from the same distribution. Unpaired two-sample Wilcoxon test was applied as a post hoc test to evaluate significant differences in lipid levels for a patient group versus the control group (indicated by “p”). The horizontal black dashed line indicates the global mean across all samples. Plasma concentration of ChA was obtained by shotgun lipidomics of 74 donors with ACS (including ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and unSAP), 71 donors with SAP, and 52 age-matched control cohort. ChA was quantitatively analyzable in 34.6% of the control group, 69% of the SAP group, and 83.8% of the ACS group. B: Lipidomes of the atheromata obtained from six different carotid artery endarterectomy specimens. 1) Includes ether phosphatidylcholines; 2) includes ether phosphatidylethanolamines; 3) includes cardiolipins, phosphatidic acids, phosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidylinositols, and phosphatidyl serines; 4) includes lysophosphatidic acids, lysophosphatidylcholines, ether-lysophosphatidylcholines; lysophosphatidylethanolamines, ether-lysophosphatidylethanol-amines, lysophosphatidylglycerols; lysophosphatidylinositols, and lysophosphatidylserines. C: ChEs detected in atheromata obtained from the six carotid artery endarterectomy specimens.