Fig. 1

Effects of dnsmad3b overexpression on the expression of early neural and non-neural markers. (A–L) Embryos were injected at the one-cell stage at indicated doses and examined by in situ hybridization for marker gene expression at around 60% epiboly stage. Embryos were positioned laterally with dorsal to the right and animal pole to the top. Note that dnsmad3b injection resulted in reduction of the neural markers sox2 and sox3, but increase of the ventral marker gata2. (M–O) Bar graphs showing percentage of embryos with different expression levels of the markers. Normal, decreased or increased expression was indicated by blue, yellow or red colors. The number of observed embryos was indicated in the parentheses. (P–R) Quantitative RT-PCR results of sox2 (P), sox3 (Q) and gata2 (R). The fold change in transcript levels (Y-axis) was graphed relative to control embryos and the data represent the mean ± s.d. from triplicates. The symbols ∗ or ★ represent statistical significance at p ≤ 0.05 or insignificance at p > 0.05 compared to the uninjected control or linked samples, respectively.