Figure 6

MnCl₂ exposure effects on zebrafish larval behavior during light and dark conditions, as demonstrated by (a) bout number. One-way ANOVA. *** p < 0.001; ** p = 0.020; (b) mean bout velocity (** p = 0.020) and (c) displacement; ns, not significant. Data presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM); (d) fraction of time spent in the illuminated half field, separated in time bins of 1 min each for untreated, Mn 2–6 dpf, Mn 3–6 dpf and Mn 2–4 dpf treated larvae; (e left) fraction of correct turns for untreated and MnCl₂ exposed larvae (when subjected to left- and right-oriented whole field motion stimuli). Bar heights represent the means across all fish in each group; error bars represent the SEM. Only directional bouts (i.e., left- and rightward swims, without forward swims) were considered for quantification. One-way ANOVA is not significant. (e right) The number of swim bouts during pause intervals and whole field motion stimuli for unexposed and Mn-exposed larvae. Presented as means ± SEM. Untreated larvae: (a–c) n = 36; (d) n = 68; (e) n = 71. Mn 2–6 dpf: (a–d) n = 32; (e) n = 52. Mn 3–6 dpf: (a–d) n = 36; (e) n = 55. Mn 2–4 dpf: (a–d) n = 64.