Fig. 2

Scgn^+/− and scgn^−/− zebrafish show autistic-like behavior. a Schematic diagram of shoaling test. Inter-fish distance is recorded; b Scgn^+/− and scgn^−/− adult zebrafish (4 month old) displayed a significantly increased-fish distance in shoaling test, relative to their wild-type siblings. +/+:scgn^+/+; +/−:scgn^+/−; −/−:scgn^−/−. *p < 0.05. P-values were calculated using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. c Frequency at different inter-fish distance in shoaling test. +/+:scgn^+/+; +/−:scgn^+/−; −/−:scgn^−/−. ****p < 0.0001, ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. ns not significant. P-values were calculated using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. d Schematic diagram of two-sector social interaction test. Two stimulus zebrafish were placed in the left chamber. Border crossing is defined as moving from the interaction sector to the empty sector, or vice versa. e Heatmaps show that scgn^+/+ zebrafish displayed remarkable higher frequency close to the stimulus zebrafish than scgn^+/− and scgn^−/− zebrafish. Warmer colors (red) indicate a greater amount of time spent exploring by the zebrafish. f Frequency of test fish in the interaction sector. ****p < 0.0001, **p < 0.01. P-values were calculated using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. g Frequency of border crossing between the interaction and the empty sectors. **p < 0.01. P-values were calculated using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. h Schematic diagram of a five-chamber social interaction tank for the visually mediated social preference test (VMSP). i–k Heatmap of scgn^+/+ zebrafish in the adaption session (i), interaction session (j), and social novelty session (k). l–n Heatmap of scgn^+/− zebrafish in the adaption session (l), interaction session (m), and social novelty session (n). o–q Heatmap of scgn^−/− zebrafish in the adaption session (o), interaction session (p), and social novelty session (q). r Frequency in the interaction sector during the interaction session of scgn^+/+, scgn^+/−, and scgn^−/− zebrafish. **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. P-values were calculated using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. s Frequency in the novelty sector during the novelty session of scgn^+/+, scgn^+/−, and scgn^−/− zebrafish. ****p < 0.0001, P-values were calculated using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. All experiments were performed in three repetitions