Determination of the maximum tolerated concentration of CFE.

Construction of zebrafish phenylhydrazine-induced thrombus model. (A) Fishtail microscopic observation of zebrafish phenylhydrazine-induced thrombus model; (B) Relationship between zebrafish thrombosis rate and mortality; (C) Fishtail erythrocyte staining intensity. Different uppercase letters (A, B, C, D) and lowercase letters (a, b, c, d) indicated statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05) as determined by multiple comparison tests.

Microscopic observation of the zebrafish tails for each experimental group. C represents the Control group; M represents the Thrombus model group; P represents the Positive control group; L-CFE represents the Low-dose CFE group; M-CFE represents the Medium-dose CFE group; H-CFE represents the High-dose CFE group. The red circles highlight the differential erythrocyte aggregation patterns observed microscopically in the caudal region of zebrafish across the experimental groups.

Microscopic observation of the zebrafish hearts from each experimental group. C represents the Control group; M represents the Thrombus model group; P represents the Positive control group; L-CFE represents the Low-dose CFE group; M-CFE represents the Medium-dose CFE group; and H-CFE represents the High-dose CFE group. The red circles highlight the differential erythrocyte aggregation patterns observed microscopically in the hearts of zebrafish across experimental groups.

Analysis of staining intensity of zebrafish hearts and tails. (A) The staining intensity of zebrafish hearts in different experimental groups. (B) The staining intensity of zebrafish tails in different experimental groups. C represents the Control group; M represents the Thrombus model group; P represents the Positive control group; L-CFE represents the Low-dose CFE group; M-CFE represents the Medium-dose CFE group; H-CFE represents the High-dose CFE group. Different lowercase letters indicated statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05) as determined by multiple comparison tests.

Analysis of heart and tail stained areas of zebrafish. (A) The stained areas of zebrafish hearts in different experimental groups. (B) The stained areas of zebrafish tails in different experimental groups. C represents the Control group; M represents the Thrombus model group; P represents the Positive control group; L-CFE represents the Low-dose CFE group; M-CFE represents the Medium-dose CFE group; H-CFE represents the High-dose CFE group. Different lowercase letters indicated statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05) as determined by multiple comparison tests.

Effects of CFE on thrombus inhibition rate in zebrafish. C represents the Control group; M represents the Thrombus model group; P represents the Positive control group; L-CFE represents the Low-dose CFE group; M-CFE represents the Medium-dose CFE group; H-CFE represents the High-dose CFE group. Different lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05) as determined by multiple comparison tests.

Effects of CFE on the proportion of time spent moving by zebrafish. C represents the Control group; M represents the Thrombus model group; P represents the Positive control group; L-CFE represents the Low-dose CFE group; M-CFE represents the Medium-dose CFE group; H-CFE represents the High-dose CFE group. Different lowercase letters indicated statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05) as determined by multiple comparison tests.

Fibrinolysis-promoting effect of CFE on zebrafish. (A) Concentration of plasminogen; (B) Concentration of fibrinogen; (C) Concentration of D-dimer. C represents the Control group; M represents the Thrombus model group; P represents the Positive control group; L-CFE represents the Low-dose CFE group; M-CFE represents the Medium-dose CFE group; H-CFE represents the High-dose CFE group. Different lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05) as determined by multiple comparison tests.

Anti-platelet activation of CFE in zebrafish. (A) Concentration of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase; (B) Concentration of thromboxane B2; (C) Concentration of P-selectin; (D) Concentration of von Willebrand factor. C represents the Control group; M represents the Thrombus model group; P represents the Positive control group; L-CFE represents the Low-dose CFE group; M-CFE represents the Medium-dose CFE group; H-CFE represents the High-dose CFE group. Different lowercase letters indicated statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05) as determined by multiple comparison tests.

Anti-platelet activation of CFE in zebrafish. (A) Concentration of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase; (B) Concentration of thromboxane B2; (C) Concentration of P-selectin; (D) Concentration of von Willebrand factor. C represents the Control group; M represents the Thrombus model group; P represents the Positive control group; L-CFE represents the Low-dose CFE group; M-CFE represents the Medium-dose CFE group; H-CFE represents the High-dose CFE group. Different lowercase letters indicated statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05) as determined by multiple comparison tests.

Anticoagulation effect of CFE on zebrafish. (A) Concentration of protein C; (B) Concentration of tissue factor pathway inhibitor; (C) Concentration of coagulation factor VII. C represents the Control group; M represents the Thrombus model group; P represents the Positive control group; L-CFE represents the Low-dose CFE group; M-CFE represents the Medium-dose CFE group; H-CFE represents the High-dose CFE group. Different lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05) as determined by multiple comparison tests.