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Figure 7 Effects of nicotine (NIC), cotinine (COT), and 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine (6HLN) (1 and 2 mg/L) administration on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) (A), neuropeptide Y (npy) (B), early growth response protein 1 (egr1) (C), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (nrf2a) (D) gene expression. The values are expressed as means ± S.E.M. (n = 4). ANOVA analysis identified overall significant differences between groups for (A) F(7,24) = 16.65, p < 0.0001, (B) F(7,24) = 14.79, p < 0.0001, (C) F(7,24) = 19.87, p < 0.0001 and (D) F(7,24) = 32.96, p < 0.0001. For Tukey posthoc analyses—**** p < 0.0001, *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01 and * p < 0.05.