FIGURE 4

Increasing the kynurenine load in zebrafish larvae results in mild proteinuria and edema formation. Hatched zebrafish larvae were treated either with kynurenine (KYN) or UPF648 at the stated concentrations, starting at 48 hpf, and for the following 48 h. The treatment was delivered via the ERM. Larval development was monitored until 96 hpf; at this time, readouts of edema formation and proteinuria were collected. (A) KYN treatment increases the proportion of larvae that develop mild to severe edema (P2–P4) when compared to the DMSO controls. (B) Quantification of the MFI shows that kynurenine treatment increases renal protein excretion. (C) Percentage of fish in each of the phenotypic categories after treatment with KYN, UPF648, a combination of both, or the respective controls. (D) MFI quantification of the retinal vessel plexus of the larvae after treatment with KYN, UPF648, a combination of both, or the respective controls. Above each MFI graph is a representative photograph of the retinal vessel plexus of a larva from each group (n > 10 fish for all groups pooled data from 1 to 2 independent experiments; horizontal lines represent the mean intensity for each group; each circle shows the maximum fluorescence for one individual fish; **p ≤ 0.01, ****p ≤ 0.0001; comparison between two groups was done by unpaired Student t‐test with Welch's correction; three or more groups were compared using one‐way ANOVA and Holm–Šídák multiple comparison post hoc test).