Figure 3

The formation and differentiation of hMMES1-derived embryoid bodies (EBs). (A) Morphology of 10-day-old EBs derived from hMMES1 and MMES1. (B) Expression analysis of gene markers specific to the ectoderm (nf200), mesoderm (actinin2 and ntl), and endoderm (sox17) in 10-day-old hMMES1 or MMES1-derived EBs by qRT-PCR. Data are presented as the means ± SD of three independent experiments. Student’s t-test was conducted for two-group comparisons (** p < 0.01). (C) Morphology of differentiated cells from hMMES1- or MMES1-derived EBs. (D) Expression analysis of muscle (myoD) and neural (sox10) marker genes expression in hMMES1 or MMES1 differentiated cells by qRT-PCR. Data are represented as mean ± SEM from three independent replicates. Student’s t-test was conducted for two-group comparisons (** p < 0.01). (E) Micrograph of marine medaka chimera embryo host (n = 120), showing transplanted hMMES1 (red) or MMES1 (green) at 0, 3, and 9 days post-fertilization (dpf). Scale bars, 100 μm. Representative data are shown from three independent experiments.