Figure 4

Reactive oxygen species can affect neutrophil migration and immune function (a–d) Pattern diagrams showing the caudal fin damage model and otic vesicle inflammation model using zebrafish from the Tg(lyz:EGFP) strain. Fluorescence images showing migrating neutrophils. The white rectangles indicate the counting area (scale bar: 200 μm). H₂O₂ treatment significantly increased neutrophil recruitment to the injury site, and metformin mitigated this effect (n = 20). (e–h) Q-PCR results showing that metformin treatment decreased the upregulation of the inflammatory genes il-1β, il-6, cxcl8a, and tnf-α induced by H₂O₂ in juvenile zebrafish. (i–l) Q-PCR results showed that metformin treatment decreased the upregulation of the inflammatory genes il-1β, il-6, cxcl8a, and tnf-α induced by H₂O₂ in murine macrophages. (**** p  <  0.0001, *** p  <  0.001, ** p  <  0.01, * p  <  0.05, “ns”, no statistical difference).