Effects of parental treatment on parental adult and larval offspring stress tolerance. (A) Critical thermal maxima (CTmax) and (B) hypoxic time to loss of equilibrium (LOE) of parental adult zebrafish exposed to either control or combined exposure conditions for 14 days, and (C) CTmax and (D) hypoxic time to LOE for 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) larvae derived from adult zebrafish exposed to either control or combined exposure conditions for 14 days. Tolerance values were compared with Mann–Whitney rank sum tests (A: P<0.001; D: P=0.235) or two-tailed t-tests (B: P=0.002; C: P=0.011). Differences between treatments for a given parameter are indicated by an asterisk. Data are medians and interquartile ranges in A and D and means±s.e.m. in B and C (all n=24, except larvae time to LOE, n=16).
|