Expression patterns of marker genes of PPE and bmps in lmo4a morphants and rescue of deficiencies in lmo4a morphants via blockage of Bmp signaling. All panels represent lateral views. (A) Expressions of eya1 in WT embryos at 10 hpf. (B) Expressions of eya1 in lmo4a MO embryos were decreased. (C) Bmp4 was expressed strongly at the anterior and posterior ends but weakly in the lateral and dorsal regions of the vesicle in the control group at 28 hpf. (D) Ectopic expression of bmp4 was observed in the dorsal region, with extended original anterior and posterior regions of expression in lmo4a morphants at 28 hpf. (E) bmp2b was expressed strongly at the anterior, posterior and ventral regions in the control group at 36 hpf. (F) Dispersed distribution of bmp2b throughout the vesicle in lmo4a morphants at 36 hpf. (G,H) Chordin (chd) morpholino could replicate the lmo4a MO phenotype with immature protrusions to an extent. (I,J) Heat shock of tBR at 22 hpf successfully rescued the semicircular canal phenotype of lmo4a MO. (K,L) DM knockdown of Bmp at 22 hpf achieved rescue, but to a lower extent. (M–P) Rescue was achieved by injecting lmo4a mRNA at the two-cell stage in lmo4a morphants.
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