Fig. 3

Phenotypes of pharyngeal skeleton and notochord in the ubap2a- and ubap2b-knockdown zebrafish models during development.

a Alizarin red S (ARS) staining results of the knockdown larvae with control morpholino (Control MO, n = 20) (i, iʹ), ubap2a MO (AUG, n = 20) (ii, iiʹ), ubap2a MO (e3i3, n = 18) (iii, iiiʹ). b ARS staining results of knockdown larvae with control morpholino (Control MO, n = 20) (i, iʹ), ubap2b MO (e4i4, n = 21) (ii, iiʹ), and ubap2b MO (i4e5, n = 17) (iii, iiiʹ). Upper panels show the ventral view and lower panels show the lateral view in (a) and (b). The larvae injected with either control MO, ubap2a, or ubap2b were stained with ARS at 6 dpf and the length of the ARS-stained notochord (black lines, the lengths of the lines in each panel are identical) was measured in a and b. Eye sizes (dashed black lines) of the larvae were also measured. Concentrations of Mos; 800 μM for control MO, 500 μM for ubap2a AUG MO, 300 μM for ubap2a e3i3 MO, 800 μM for ubap2b e4i4 MO, and 800 μM for ubap2b i4e5 MO. c, d Quantification results of the ARS-stained notochord length (c) and eye diameter (d). Statistical significances were determined by ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test. ***p < 0.001 (Cont MO vs. ubap2a MO AUG, p = 0.0005; Cont MO vs. ubap2b MO i4e5, p = 0.0009 for (c)); ****p < 0.0001; ns; not significant. n = 17–21 biologically independent embryos per condition in (c) and (d). br1, branchiostegal ray 1; c, cleithrum; cb, ceratobranchial 5; ch, ceratohyal; d, dentary; dpf, days post fertilization; hm, hyomandibular; en, entopterygoid; m, maxilla; MO, morpholino, n, notochord; op, opercle; ot, otolith; and ps, parasphenoid. Scale bars = 200 μm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.