Fig. 4
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Figure 4. In vitro screening of CNSL derivatives for PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARδ activity reveals a subset of selective pan-activators. HEK293 cells were transiently co-transfected with GAL4-hPPARα (A), GAL4-hPPARγ (B), or GAL4-hPPARδ (C) together with UAS-luciferase reporter and treated with positive controls (10 nM GW7647, 100 nM Rosi, and 10 nM GW0742) or 50 μM of indicated compounds for 16 h. Data represent mean ± standard deviation (SD) (N = 3). RLU, relative luciferase units = luciferase light units/β-galactosidase × time. Vehicle (DMSO) response was set to 1. C10:0, decanoic acid; C14:0, myristic acid; C18:0, stearic acid; C18:1n9, oleic acid. *P < 0.05 relative to corresponding vehicle, using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Holm–Šidák correction. |