Fig. 3

(A) Nrf2 target gene expression following DMF (10 μM) or H2O2 (1mM) treatment for 3h. The three target genes tested, HMOX1, NQO1, and GSR were upregulated following treatment with either DMF or H2O2. HMOX1 = heme oxygenase 1, NQO1 = NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1, GSR = glutathione-disulfide reductase. n = 3. Data ploteed as a dot plot with mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA test and post-hoc Tukey multiple-comparison test was used. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001. (B) Pre-treatment of HLCs with DMF (10 μM), NAC (1 mM) or combination of the two for 24 hr prior to the administration of paracetamol (30mM) for 24 hr, shows increased levels of ATP compared to paracetamol treatment alone. n = 6. One-way ANOVA test and post-hoc Tukey multiple-comparison test was used. ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001. Box plot were whiskers represent Min to Max. (C) Post-treatment of DMF (10 μM) after a 24-hr incubation with paracetamol (30mM) shows increased levels of ATP when compared to paracetamol treatment alone. n = 6. One-way ANOVA test and post-hoc Tukey multiple-comparison test was used.∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001. Box plot were whiskers represent Min to Max. (D) DMF pre-treatment assessment by Cell Paint profiling. The PCA plot takes account of the different features and compares the different populations.