<italic toggle='yes'>VEAL2</italic> is involved in diabetic retinopathy and can recover associated microvascular complications
Bar graph representing relative expression of VEAL2 (in fold change) in choroid tissue isolated from control and diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients. Data obtained from 8 biological replicates (patients) and represented as individual values with mean fold change ± standard deviation.
Bar graph representing relative fold change of VEAL2 expression in blood samples of patients with different diabetic stages with aggravating vascular dysfunctions from diabetic mellitus (DM) to non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) compared to control patients. Data were collected from 50 different patients in each condition and represented as individual values with mean fold change ± standard deviation.
ROC curve shows sensitivity and specificity of VEAL2 as a diagnostic biomarker for proliferative diabetic retinopathy with endothelial dysfunction.
Complementation of VEAL2 and veal2 reverted increased permeability levels in the HUVEC monolayer model for hyperglycemia. Bar graph representing the effect of overexpression of VEAL2 and veal2 on permeability levels in hyperglycemia disease model, measured as efflux of dextran‐conjugated FITC. Data obtained from 3 different biological replicates and plotted as mean percentage fold change values ± standard deviation.
Modeling hyperglycemia in HUVEC resulted in dysregulation of junctional assembly of CDH5 and CTNNB1 proteins and increased membrane localization of PRKCB protein. Complementation of VEAL2 and veal2 in hyperglycemic conditions reverted junctional disassembly of CDH5 and CTNNB1 and also kept PRKCB in cytoplasm to mitigate pathological conditions associated with hyperglycemia. (E–H, Q) CDH5 protein, (I–L, R) CTNNB1 protein, and (M–P, S) PRKCB protein. (E–P) Magnification‐60× and scale bar‐15 μm. Arrowheads indicate representation of signals of proteins in HUVECs. (Q–S) Data from cells of different fields of 3 technical replicates of 1 biological replicate are presented as representation. Data are shown as individual values; the middle bar represents the mean, and the error bar represents ± standard deviation.
Data information: All the experiments N ≥ 3. **P‐value < 1E‐2, ***P‐value < 1E‐3, and ****P‐value < 1E‐4. Statistics: (A) unpaired two‐tailed t‐test, (B, D, Q‐S) one‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple data comparison, and (C) Wilson/Brown method.
Source data are available online for this figure.
Expression Data
Expression Detail
Antibody Labeling
Phenotype Data
Phenotype Detail
Acknowledgments
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Full text @ EMBO J.
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