Fig. 6

Fig. 6. Quantitative and representative results of the impact of L. nuda extract treatment on HUVEC tube formation, migration, and invasion. (A) Cell viability evaluation showed slight cytotoxicity of L. nuda extract (0, 5, 10, 50, and 100 µg/mL) for 24 h. (B) Evaluation of tube formation following 8 h of L. nuda extract (10 and 100 µg/mL) treatment showed significant inhibition at 100 µg/mL. (C) Quantification of the total number of tubes formed showed a significant decline in the 100 µg/mL L. nuda extract treatment group. (D) Quantification of the total number of nodes formed showed inhibition by 45% following L. nuda extract treatment (100 µg/mL). (E-G) Representative and qualitative results of immunoblotting showed downregulation of MAPK/p38/VEGF signaling markers following L. nuda extract (10 and 100 µg/mL) treatment. Three independent experiments were performed. (H, I) Wound healing assay results showed significant inhibition of HUVEC migration in the L. nuda (10 and 100 μg/mL) treatment groups. (J, K) Transwell invasion assays showed that L. nuda (10 and 100 μg/mL) treatment significantly inhibited HUVEC invasion. * p < 0.05, * * p < 0.001.