Fig. 1

Structures of (±)-gerbeloid A [(±)-1].

Fig. 2

The Key 1H?1H COSY and HMBC correlations (A) and X-ray ORTEP drawing of 1 (B).

Fig. 3

Experimental ECD spectra for compounds (+)-1a and (?)-1b (A); X-ray ORTEP drawing of (+)-1a (B); X-ray ORTEP drawing of (?)-1b (C).

Fig. 4

(+)-1a and (?)-1b inhibited adipogenic differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (A) Experimental outline of mouse 3T3-L1 fibroblasts differenced with IDIR induction medium. (B) The cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay. (C) Adipocytes were stained with oil red o and quantified absorbance at 490 nm. (D) Adipocytes were stained with oil red o and visualized under microscopy, scale bar, 200, 50, 25 ?m. (E) Adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation were accessed by TG content measurement and (F) GPDH content was determined by manual methods. The data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). ###P < 0.001 vs vehicle, nsP > 0.05, ?P < 0.05, ??P < 0.01, ???P < 0.001 vs IDIR.

Fig. 5

(+)-1a and (?)-1b exert a lipid-lowering effect on HFD zebrafish. (A) Dose-toxicity curve of (+)-1a and (?)-1b on 5 dpf zebrafish. (B) Experimental outline of HFD zebrafish with (+)-1a and (?)-1b treatment. (C) Zebrafish stained with oil red o and visualized under a microscope, Lovastatin, positive control at 2.0 ?g/mL, scale bar, 200, 100 ?m. (D) TG measurement and (E)TC content were determined by manual methods, Lovastatin, positive control at 2.0 ?g/mL. (F) The effects of (+)-1a and (?)-1b on relative mRNA expression level of Pparg. (G) The effects of (+)-1a and (?)-1b on relative mRNA expression level of Cebpa. (H) The effects of (+)-1a and (?)-1b on relative mRNA expression level of Perilipin. The data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 10). ###P < 0.001 vs vehicle, nsP > 0.05, ?P < 0.05, ??P < 0.01, ???P < 0.001 vs Model. L: low concentration; H: high concentration

Fig. 6

(+)-1a and (?)-1b regulated the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic proteins in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated with a control vehicle or (+)-1a and (?)-1b (12.5, 25, and 50 ?mol/L) for 6 days. (A) Expression of proteins involved in adipogenic differentiation and lipid accumulation (PPAR? and C/EBP?) was determined by Western blot, vinculin was used as a loading control. (B) Expression of proteins involved in adipocyte lipolysis (p-PKA, HSL, p-HSL563, p-HSL660, and Perilipin) was detected by Western blot, vinculin was used as a loading control. The data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). ###P < 0.001 vs vehicle, nsP > 0.05, ?P < 0.05, ??P < 0.01, ???P < 0.001 vs IDIR.

Acknowledgments
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