Fig. 5

a Oogenesis of D. melanogaster. Upon protein starvation, either germ cells or stage 8/9 egg chambers are degenerated. The previtellogenic egg chambers slow down the growth, then resume the growth within 2 h once protein is available. During egg chamber growth, meiotic chromosomes arrest at the prophase I until stage 13 (blue lines). b The number of previtellogenic egg chambers (stages 2–7) per fly are similar between wild-type (w¹¹¹⁸) female virgin controls (n = 13 animals) and the octopamine mutant female virgins (tbh^−/− (n = 11 animals) and octβ2R^−/− (n = 14 animals)). Two-sided t-test: p = 0.63 (w¹¹¹⁸ vs. tbh^−/−), 0.22 (w¹¹¹⁸ vs. octβ2R^−/−), 0.12 (tbh^−/− vs. octβ2R^−/−). Canton-S (n = 35) has fewer number of egg chambers than w¹¹¹⁸. p = 5.5 × 10⁻¹¹ (Canton-S vs. w¹¹¹⁸), 1.7 × 10⁻¹⁰ (Canton-S vs. tbh^−/−), 1.8 × 10⁻⁸ (Canton-S vs. octβ2R^−/−). n.s.: not significant. c The percent of each stage of egg chambers in the ovaries of tbh^+/− and tbh^−/− virgins during the protein starvation period. The percent of stage 14 egg chambers increases in tbh^−/− mutants compared to that of the heterozygote control, tbh^+/−. These data are extracted from the raw data shown in d–f. d–f The distribution of each stage egg chambers in the ovaries of each tbh^+/− (n = 29 animals for 1 dpe, 14 animals for 1.5 dpe, 59 animals for 2 dpe) and tbh^−/− (n = 32 animals for 1 dpe; 17 animals for 1.5 dpe, 59 animals for 2 dpe) female virgin during the protein starvation period. At each time point, tbh^−/− mutants contain more progressed egg chambers compared to tbh^+/−. b, d–f Boxplots show the median, mean (X), interquartile range (IQR). The upper whisker: the maxima smaller than 1.5 times IQR plus the third quartile, the lower whisker: the minima larger than 1.5 times IQR minus the first quartile. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.