ZFIN Image: Dworkin et al., 2014, Fig. 4

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Fig. 4

grhl3 and endoderm-derived edn1 are epistatic in lower jaw development (A-L) sub-phenotypic injection of MO: edn1 together with MO: grhl3 leads to defective jaw development (A), loss of dlx3 expression in the pharyngeal arches (B) and hypoplastic facial cartilage at 96 hpf (C, lateral view; D, ventral view). These defects are not observed in sub-phenotypic co-injection of either MO: edn1 (E and H) or MO: grhl3 (I-L) with MO: control. (M-O) The expression of edn1 at 22 hpf in grhl3-morphants (M) is similar to that in endoderm-deficient sox32-morphants (N); both morphants continue to express edn1 in the ectoderm of the first arch (green arrows) but exhibit greatly reduced or absent edn1 expression in the endodermal pouches of both the first and subsequent arches (red arrows) relative to controls (O).

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Acknowledgments

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Reprinted from Mechanisms of Development, 133, Dworkin, S., Simkin, J., Darido, C., Partridge, D.D., Georgy, S.R., Caddy, J., Wilanowski, T., Lieschke, G.J., Doggett, K., Heath, J.K., Jane, S.M., Grainyhead-like 3 regulation of endothelin-1 in the pharyngeal endoderm is critical for growth and development of the craniofacial skeleton, 77-90, Copyright (2014) with permission from Elsevier. Full text @ Mech. Dev.