Overview of study design. A, Clinical responses in individual pediatric patients with cancer (RECIST/PERCIST criteria) were compared with drug responses in each patient’s cognate preclinical models–mouse PDX (RECIST criteria) and larval zebrafish PDX (viable cell number count). Primary tissue was obtained via biopsy or surgery as part of routine clinical care and frozen for storage or used directly for implantation. Tumor tissues were subcutaneously embedded in the mouse for expansion and drug testing. Cryopreserved tumor tissue or single cells from patient or mouse PDX were shipped from Australia to Canada for larval zebrafish xenograft generation. Injected larval zebrafish were treated with drug by immersion therapy. B, Larval zebrafish were injected with dissociated single tumor cells at 2 days post-fertilization (dpf), and immersion therapy was performed on 3 dpf injected fish for a 3-day treatment. Dissociation and quantification of tumor cells were performed at 3 dpf (baseline) and 6 dpf (after treatment). [Created in BioRender. Berman, J. (2025) https://BioRender.com/nbc71w1.]
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