gon4lb knockout causes abnormal craniofacial development.a Craniofacial bone structure of zebrafish larvae at 5 dpf. b Measurement parameters of craniofacial bone length in wild-type zebrafish larvae: (1) Total length of the head, (2) length from the ceratohyal cartilage to the anterior end of the head, (3) length from the ceratohyal cartilage to the posterior end of the head, (4) width of the Meckel?s cartilage and palatoquadrate joint, (5) width of the ceratohyal cartilage and palatoquadrate joint, and (6) length of the ceratohyal cartilage. c Four angle parameters for craniofacial cartilage: (1) the angle between ceratohyal (CH) cartilages (CH Angle), (2) the angle between palatoquadrate (PQ) cartilage and ceratohyal cartilage (PQ/CH Angle), (3) the angle between Meckel?s cartilages (Meckel?s Angle), and (4) the angle between palatoquadrate cartilage and Meckel?s cartilage (PQ/Meckel?s Angle). All images are ventral views with the anterior at the top. Scale bars: 100 µm. d Representative images of the craniofacial cartilage of 5 dpf zebrafish larvae stained with Alcian blue and Alizarin Red (10 embryos each). The magenta-colored arrows in the panel of gon4lb?/? represent the abnormal craniofacial cartilages. All images are ventral views with the anterior at the top. Scale bar: 100 µm. e Quantitative data showing the angles of four different mineralized craniofacial cartilage elements 5 dpf zebrafish larvae. f Quantitative data showing the lengths of six different mineralized craniofacial cartilage elements in 5 dpf zebrafish larvae. Data are represented as mean ± SEM; *p ? 0.05; **p ? 0.01; ***p ? 0.001; ****p ? 0.0001 using two-way ANOVA with Tukey?s multiple comparisons test (? = 0.05). CH ceratohyal, PQ palatoquadrate.
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