Figure 3

Co-treatment with SFN protected against ethanol-induced teratogenicity. (A) Zebrafish embryos were co-treated with 2 µM SFN, 1.5% ethanol during 3–24 hpf. (B) Survival rate. (C) Hatching rate. (D) Body length. (E) Representative larvae of control without treatment, 3–24 hpf treatment with 2 SFN alone, 3–24 hpf treatment with 1.5% ethanol column, and co-treatment with SFN and ethanol. The larvae in co-treatment groups were classified into two types: type 1 larvae are typically FASD-like, whereas type 2 larvae are more similar to SFN-supplemented control. (F) Percentage of type 1 and 2 larvae in the co-treatment groups. Arrows indicate the phenotypes of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). se, small eyes; rb, reduced brain; sov, small otic vesicle; sj, small jaw; and pe, pericardial edema. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of SFN alone and t-test for pairwise comparison with ns, not significant, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and **** p < 0.0001. The scale bar represents 1 mm.