Craniofacial abnormalities in the gnav1 deletion mutant. Cartilage of wildtype (wt) and gnav1 deletion mutant (gnav1−/−) 5 dpf larvae (from sibling parents) was stained with Alcian Blue (panels a, b, c). Mineralization of bone structures was visualized with ARS fluorescence at 5 dpf (panel d) and 11 dpf (panels e, f). Note the clear reduction in staining intensity for the mutant for both dyes. (a) Lateral view, anterior is to the right, the scheme color-codes the cartilage visible in this orientation (scheme was modified from [25]. Asterisk, ceratohyal cartilages. Wildtype (wt) and mutant (gnav1−/−) were stained and photographed side by side. (b) Ventral view, anterior is up, the scheme color-codes the cartilage visible in this orientation (scheme was modified from [25]. Asterisk, ceratohyal cartilages. c) Left micrograph, definition of three axial distances, ceratohyal cartilage length, CCL; intercranial distance, ICD; lower jaw length, LJL. The quantitation for CCL, ICD and LJL shows mean, 1st and 3rd quartile as well as the individual data points for wildtype (black) and gnav1 deletion mutant (red). Significance estimated by two tailed unpaired t-test, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ns = not significant. Error bars denote SEM. d) 5 dpf larvae were stained and photographed side by side. Left micrograph, lateral view, anterior to the right; right micrograph, ventral view. Gray dotted lines outline head region and the eye (e). e), f), 11 dpf larvae needed to be photographed singly, due to size; exposure time identical for wildtype and mutant. e) 11 dpf larvae, lateral view, genotype as indicated. f) 11 dpf larvae, ventral view, genotype as indicated
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