Fig. 1

LiverZap activation elicits hepatocyte death and can be modulated. (A) The LiverZap system expresses the photosensitising protein dL5** in hepatocytes. Upon combination with the dye MG-2I and NIR activation, ROS production triggers cell death. (B-E) Following NIR illumination, Acridine Orange (green) marks apoptotic hepatocytes (B,C), whereas BECs remain unaffected (D,E; N=2, n>4); 5 µm maximum intensity projections are shown. Dashed lines outline the liver. (F-P) Maximum intensity projections showing whole tg(LiverZap);tg(fabp10a:eGFP) livers (white dashed outline) at 12, 30, 50 and 72 hpi after LiverZap activation (N=2, n>3). Inset in J shows detached cells at higher magnification. (Q) Quantification of liver volume of ablated LiverZap and control livers (N=2, n>3). Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test (*P<0.05, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001). (R) Distribution of ablation phenotype after LiverZap activation under normoxia or 40% O2 concentration. Statistical significance was determined by χ2 test (****P<0.0001; N=3, n>30 per repeat). Error bars represent s.d. Scale bars: 20 µm (B-E); 50 µm (F-P).