Antegrade and retrograde urinary tracing studies in live adult zebrafish. Alexa 488-conjugated dextran was injected into the pericardial space and imaged in the pelvic region. (A) Bright-field image of a zebrafish with areas shown in B,C highlighted in yellow and areas shown in D-F highlighted in green. (B,C) 10 min (B) and 13 min (C) post-injection. Urinary bladder structure is outlined in white, and the expulsion of urine is marked with a white arrow. (D) Epifluorescent imaging demonstrates urinary flow to a urethra (white arrow) posterior to the anal canal (white triangle). This urinary structure is unique to the anal canal and separately expels urine (white dotted arrow). (E) Retrograde counter-injection of dextran-conjugated Alexa 568 into the anal canal (white triangle) reveals the outline of the anorectum in orange. (F) Merged image identifies a urinary channel (white arrow) separate from the anal canal (outlined in white), and the expulsion of urine (white dotted arrow). The anal fin (AF) is indicated for reference. Scale bars: 1 cm in A; 300 μm in B,C; 5 mm in D-F.
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