Fig. 6

FMNL2 expression is upregulated at gliovascular junctions in AD patients. a–h dIHC for FMNL2 and GFAP in control (a, b), early onset AD patient (c, d), AD patient with severe atherosclerosis (e, f), and primary age-related Tauopathy (PART) with mild atherosclerosis patient (g, h). Black and white images are individual fluorescent channels of the leftmost panels for FMNL2 and GFAP. Rightmost panels (b, d, f, h) are higher-magnification composite images around a representative blood vessel. i Two examples of astroglia (GFAP+, green) contacting blood vessels (bv), and their expression of FMNL2 (violet). Arrows indicate contact with blood vessels. In AD, astroglia express FMNL2 and its endfeet is retracted from the blood vessel, while in controls tight association is observed. Black-white panels indicate individual fluorescence channels. j Arivis-based automated image quantification pipeline and the quantification graph for FMNL2 expression in human brains. Comparisons are for every diseased brain to control. with Dunn's Kruskal–Wallis test. Scale bars as indicated