Fig. 3

Figure 3. Cranberry pomace extract exhibits dose-dependent antiviral effect against the epidemic strain of ZIKV. A549 cells were challenged with the epidemic strain of ZIKV (PF-25013-18) at an MI of 2 and simultaneously treated with various non-cytotoxic concentrations of CP extract (0–400 µg/mL). (a) Immunofluorescence analysis of viral protein expression in A549-ZIKV-PF13-infected cells. The ZIKV E (red) and nuclei (blue) were visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Images are representative of three independent experiments. (b) Quantification of the number of cells positive for the viral protein E expression in A549-ZIKV-infected cells by immunofluorescence. (c) ZIKV growth was assessed by a plaque formation assay. Results from a representative experiment (n = 3 repeats) are shown. Data are means ± SD of three separate experiments. One-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s test were used for statistical analysis (** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001; n.s. = not significant).