Fig. 2

FGFR4 overexpression promotes GBM aggressiveness. A Volcano blot showing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of TCGA-GBM RNA sequencing data in FGFR4^high (red) versus FGFR4^low (blue) GBM. Top 15 genes are annotated and FGF19 is highlighted. Adjusted p-value < 0.05. B Gene sets significantly enriched in the FGFR4^high GBM subgroup are indicated. GSEA of DEGs (in A) were performed. Selected gene ontologies are plotted. C Scheme of the FGFR4-388Gly-GFP protein. (D + E) Clonogenicity D and proliferation capacity E of the FGFR4-388Gly-overexpressing and GFP-transduced, endogenously FGFR4^low GBM models are shown (means ± SEM from three independent experiments). F Filter-migration capacities of FGFR4-388Gly-overexpressing normalized to GFP-transduced endogenously FGFR4^low GBM models are shown (mean ± SEM from three experiments). Representative photographs are shown. G Wound-healing capacity of FGFR4-388Gly-overexpressing and GFP-transduced U251-MG cells in response to FGF19 stimulation (50 ng/ml) is shown at the indicated time points. Results were normalized to the respective FGF19-unstimulated conditions (means ± SD from three experiments). Red asterisks: Significance FGF19-stimulated versus -unstimulated. Statistical analyses: 2-way ANOVA/Bonferroni correction in D,E,G; Student ‘s t-tests in (F). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ns = not significant