Triple drugs co-encapsulated in one NP stopped TNBC PDX tumor growth in vivo.A Schematic showing the development of a triple-drug NP system co-encapsulating CA4, paclitaxel, and verteporfin. B Viability analysis using an MTT assay after 120-hr treatment with empty-NP (E), paclitaxel-NP (P-NP) + verteporfin-NP (V-NP) + combretastatin-NP (C-NP), or PVC-NP at a 1:2:1 ratio. Drug-NPs were added at 0 and 72 hr. Three drugs co-encapsulated into NP showed better efficacy than combination of individual drug-NPs. C PDX (HCI-002) tumor fragments were engrafted into the mammary fat pads of athymic mice and treated with either control (empty-NP), or PVC-NP (1 mg/kg of paclitaxel and 2 mg/kg verteporfin, 1 mg/kg CA4 co-encapsulated in NP) every 2 days for 20 days. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 3, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
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