Figure 1

Effects of GCC-3 EPS supplementation on survival rate after SVCV infection. *, P < 0.05 compared to the control group. Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test for survival rate.
Figure 2

Relative mRNA expression of genes related to antiviral immunity in the spleen of zebrafish fed GCC-3 EPS and control diets after SVCV challenge. Data were expressed as the means ± SEMs (n = 6 biological replicates). *, P < 0.05 compared to the control group. (Student’s t test).
Figure 3

GCC-3 EPS suppressed SVCV replication in cells (A) and viral titer in supernatant of infected zebrafish embryonic fibroblast cells (B). Data were expressed as the means ± SEMs (n = 5~6 biological replicates). *, P < 0.05 compared to the control group.
Figure 4

GCC-3 EPS activated the expression of genes related to type I interferon signaling pathway in zebrafish embryonic fibroblast cells (A). Effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) on the expression of TBK1 (B). Knocking down TBK1 abrogated the antiviral effect of GCC-3 EPS (C) in zebrafish embryonic fibroblast cells. Data were expressed as the means ± SEMs (n = 5~6 biological replicates). *, P < 0.05 compared to the control group.
Figure 5

Effects of GCC-3 EPS on the composition of gut microbiota of zebrafish. Staked bar chart of relative abundance of the intestinal microbiota at the phylum level (A) and genus level (B). Data were expressed as the means ± SEMs (n = 6 biological replicates). EPS represents the group of 1% GCC-3 EPS.
Figure 6

Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of control- and GCC-3 EPS-associated microbiota at the phylum level (A) and genus level (B). Data were expressed as the means ± SEMs (n = 6 biological replicates). EPS represents the group of 1% GCC-3 EPS.
Figure 7

In vitro culture supernatant of gut microbiota of 1% GCC-3 EPS fed zebrafish suppressed SVCV replication in zebrafish embryonic fibroblast cells versus control microbiota counterpart. (A) 24 h culture supernatant, (B) 48 h culture supernatant. Data were expressed as the means ± SEMs (n = 6 biological replicates). *, P < 0.05 compared to the control group.
Acknowledgments
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