Fig. 5

Fig. 5

Cyanide treatment of PANC-1 cells confirms the sensitivity of the light-sheet FLIM system to NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime changes (Video 1, MPEG, 0.5 MB [URL: https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.28.6.066502.s1]). (a)–(d) NAD(P)H mean fluorescence lifetime (τm) images of PANC-1 cells at different time points after treatment with 1 mM sodium cyanide. The sCMOS NAD(P)H intensity image is used to upscale the SPAD array NAD(P)H lifetime image (e)–(h). Corresponding free fraction of NAD(P)H (α1) at the same time points. (i) Boxplot of NAD(P)H τm of image pixels over time shows a rapid drop in mean lifetime within a few minutes of cyanide treatment. (j) NAD(P)H α1 of image pixels increases over time. (k) The pixel intensity of NAD(P)H fluorescence, measured by integrating the decay curve at each pixel in the SPAD camera, increases over time with cyanide exposure. White dot shows the median; red horizontal line shows the mean; box encompasses 25th to 75th percentile range; whiskers extend from the box to 1.5 times the interquartile range. Changes in NAD(P)H mean lifetime (F-statistic = 9.78, p=0.026), free fraction (F-statistic = 21.8, p=0.006), and mean intensity (F-statistic = 113, p=0.0001) with time are significant according to the linear trend test.