FIG 2

Inhibition of fucosyltransferases reduces HuNoV replication. (A) Viral RNA copies of HuNoV at 1 day postinfection (dpi). The larvae were injected with AlfC or AfcB fucosidase at 3 dpf and infected with GII.4 HuNoV at 4 dpf (n = 3-5). P, pericardial injection; L, lumen injection. (B) Fucose expression in zebrafish larvae treated with 500 μM 2F-fucose. Integrated density was quantified in a region of interest comprising the entire gastrointestinal tract with ImageJ. (C) Viral RNA copies of HuNoV per zebrafish larva at 1 dpi. The larvae were immersed in 2F-fucose from 0 to 4 dpf and infected with a GII.4 stool sample at 4 dpf (n = 6 to 12). (D) Viral RNA copies of HuNoV per zebrafish larva at 1 dpi. The larvae were immersed with 3F_ax-peracetyl-Neu5Ac from 0 to 4 dpf and infected with a GII.4 stool sample at 4 dpf (n = 3 to 5). In panels A, B, and D, the bars represent viral RNA levels/zebrafish larvae, quantified by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR). The mean values ± standard error of the mean (SEM) are presented. Mann-Whitney tests were used. ***, P ≤ 0.001; **, P ≤ 0.01; *, P ≤ 0.05. The dotted line represents the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ).