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Figure 4 Experimental scheme to obtain in vivo and in vitro models of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (created with BioRender.com, accessed on 21 May 2021). (Top) In vivo treatment: IBS was induced in zebrafish with 0.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in the water. The water was exchanged after 8 h, a mixture of nine medicinal herbs (STW 5) was added to a concentration of 0.12 mg/mL, (dissolved in water), and the fish were kept in this for 16 h. The gut was explanted for examination. (Bottom) In vitro treatment: The intestine from wild-type zebrafish was dissected and digested to obtain cells from the epithelial compartment (EPc) and myenteric plexus (ENSc). After induction of IBS-like inflammation with 0.5% DSS for 8 h, EPc and ENSc were treated for 16 h with 0.12 mg/mL ethanol-free, lyophilized STW 5 resuspended in FBS-deprived culture medium.