Figure 1

Figure 1

Effect of Kiss1 treatment on expression of dopamine-related genes. (A,B) Schematic drawings of horizontal (A) and sagittal (B) views of a zebrafish brain illustrating intracranial administration of Kiss1 solution. An incision is made into the skull over the anterior part of the left optic tectum using a sterilized barbed-end needle (A). Through the incision made, Kiss1 solution was administered nearby Kiss1 neurons in the ventral habenula (vHb) using a heat-pulled glass capillary micropipette (B). T telencephalon, H habenula, IPN interpeduncular nucleus, MR median raphe. Adopted from Ogawa et al. and Lim et al.^11,70. (C–E) Expression levels of th1 (C), th2 (D) and dat (E) mRNAs were measured in the whole brain (n = 7) at 30-min, 1-h, 3-h, 6-h, and 24-h following the intracranial administration with either vehicle (control; distilled water) or Kiss1 (K1) or its paralogous peptide, Kiss2 (K2) at doses of 10^–12 or 10^–9 mol/ fish. Data are representative of mRNA expression in relative to eef1a1l1 housekeeping gene and presented mean ± SEM as fold-change. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.0001 versus control group using 2-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test.