Effect of combination treatment on zebrafish embryos infected with mWasabi-labelled Mmar producing Mtb BlaC at 4 dpi. (a) Representative larvae showing systemic infection from the control group and treated with ampicillin, avibactam, or both. Arrows indicate collections of bacteria indicative of granuloma formation, and percentages indicate the percentage of the mean of the control. The control represents a picture of a larva just below the average value of 100% intensity (72%). (b) Bacterial load of Mmar producing wild-type Mtb BlaC as represented by fluorescence intensity after being given the indicated treatment 1 dpi. Each dot represents a larva. Larvae were injected with 1 nL of 29 mg mL−1 ampicillin in PBS (estimated concentration 100 μg mL−1 in the embryo, n = 39), 65 mg mL−1 avibactam in PBS (225 μg mL−1, n = 43), ampicillin and avibactam in PBS (same concentrations, n = 67), or PBS only (ctrl, n = 69). Data for the groups treated with both ampicillin and avibactam or the control were accumulated in three, and the groups treated with only ampicillin or avibactam in two independent experiments. Data were normalized by setting the mean of the control to 100%. Error bars represent the mean and standard error. Mood’s median test with Holm-Bonferroni post hoc test for multiple comparisons was used to compare groups with the control: ns = not significant; **** = p < 0.0001.
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