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Fig. 1 Schematic representation of the study design and underlying mechanisms. (A) Experimental timeline of zebrafish swimming training. (B) Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) show insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and metabolic abnormalities, causing the liver to synthesize more lipoprotein and cholesterol. (C) T2DM patients also display mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which further interfere with lipid and glutamine synthesis pathways and inhibit synthesis of the antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH). T2DM can also lead to lipid metabolism disorders and inflammation, as well as increase the risk of anxiety symptoms. (D) Through swimming training (ST), zebrafish may undergo gradual recovery of liver mitochondrial function, thereby reconstructing the balance between oxidative stress and antioxidation, and altering mood. LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD, superoxide dismutase.