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Fig. 5 EVs-based ncRNAs delivery to target breast cancer cells. Representative fluorescent microscopy images showing the uptake of MDA-MB-453 and MCF-7 derived extracellular EVs labeled in red by A MDA-MB-231 and B MDA-MB-453 recipient BC cells at 24 h post-treatment. Scale bars correspond to 30 μm for 63x magnification, and the fluorescent dyes used were DAPI (blue) for nuclei and CM-DiI (red) for EVs. The expression levels of cellular miR-23b-3p, miR-126-3p, and GAS5 were determined in terms of copies/µL using ddPCR technology. C Treatment with EVsorafenib derived from MDA-MB-453 resulted in an increased expression level of the three selected ncRNAs in MDA-MB-231 target cells. D Similarly, MDA-MB-453 target cells treated with EVsorafenib released by MCF-7 showed the same outcome. The histograms represent mean value of two replicates for each condition; bars, SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001 in one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Results are representative of two independent experiments