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Fig. 1 A heritable CRISPR mutagenesis strategy leading to sustained sex-specific disruption of reproduction as a simple and efficient method for population suppression in fish. Schematic of the HMEL strategy. Left: A CRISPR knockin cassette with ubiquitous expression of Cas9 and a gRNA targeting an essential maternal effect gene - here npm2b - is integrated in the genome. Right: Fish inheriting the knockin, called HMEL fish, express CRISPR nuclease causing npm2b mutant maternal embryo lethal phenotype (red) in females, while fertile HMEL males (yellow) can pass on the construct. HMEL, heritable maternal effect embryo lethality; npm2b, nucleoplasmin 2b; WT, wildtype.