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Figure 6 Potential mechanism of neurodevelopmental toxicity of ipconazole pesticide in zebrafish. The zebrafish embryos treated with ipconazole generate ROS and show evidence of dose-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and ERK1/2 activation. Ipconazole specifically inhibited the development of GABAergic inhibitory neurons at low doses. In contrast, glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurons remained unaffected, possibly disrupting the interplay among the major neurotransmission systems and uncoordinated neural functions in the central nervous system. High concentrations of ipconazole cause cell death in neuronal and muscle development, reducing the motility and survival of embryos. *** p < 0.001.