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Application of electric field: (a) Absorbance calculation for concentration of 60 µg/mL of AgNP exposure for 40 min. “*” indicates statistically significant difference (p-value < 0.05) when compared with only silver particle. (b) Deformity rate of embryos after exposure to 60 µg/mL of AgNPs for 24 h for five repetitions. (c) Average deformity rate of five repetitions after exposure to 60 µg/mL of AgNPs for 24 h. Here, Only Nano indicates the embryos were exposed to AgNPs only. Only V indicates embryos were exposed to only voltage pulses with a chamber filled with E3 media instead of nanoparticles. Nano+V indicates embryos that are exposed to both nanoparticles and voltage pulses. “*” indicates statistically significant difference (p-value < 0.05) when compared with control 1 (No V+ NO particle).
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